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a cura di Francesco Naef
Art. 284 Modifica delle conseguenze del divorzio stabilite con decisione passata in giudicato
1 Le condizioni e la competenza per materia per una modifica della decisione sono rette dagli articoli 129 e 134 CC1.
2 Le modifiche incontestate possono essere oggetto di un semplice accordo scritto fra le parti; sono fatte salve le disposizioni del CC inerenti agli interessi dei figli (art. 134 cpv. 3 CC).
3 Al contenzioso si applicano per analogia le disposizioni sull’azione di divorzio.
1 RS 210
Modifica delle conseguenze del divorzio - provvedimenti cautelari
Il n'est pas admissible de dĂ©poser une requĂȘte de mesures provisionnelles, en vue de modifier les mesures dĂ©coulant dÂun jugement de divorce, avant litispendance de lÂaction en modification dÂun tel jugement (c. 2). Ie Cour d'appel civil du Tribunal cantonal (FR) 101 2012-19 del 25.4.2012 in FamPra.ch 2012 p. 1165
Modifica delle conseguenze del divorzio - provvedimenti cautelari - effetto sospensivo
Lorsqu'en vertu de la dĂ©cision de premiĂšre instance, l'enfant demeure chez le parent qui prenait principalement soin de lui avant l'introduction de la procĂ©dure (parent de rĂ©fĂ©rence/Bezugsperson), l'instance d'appel doit rejeter la requĂȘte d'effet suspensif du parent sollicitant un changement de garde, des motifs sĂ©rieux devant toutefois ĂȘtre rĂ©servĂ©s, notamment lorsque la dĂ©cision attaquĂ©e menace le bien de l'enfant et apparaĂźt manifestement infondĂ©e. Il en va diffĂ©remment lorsque le juge de premiĂšre instance statue sur la garde ou modifie celle-ci de sorte que l'enfant devrait ĂȘtre sĂ©parĂ© du parent qui prend actuellement soin de lui. Le bien de l'enfant commande alors, dans la rĂšgle, de maintenir les choses en l'Ă©tat et de laisser celui-ci auprĂšs de la personne qui lui sert de rĂ©fĂ©rence. La requĂȘte d'effet suspensif du parent qui entend conserver la garde doit ainsi gĂ©nĂ©ralement ĂȘtre admise, sauf si l'appel paraĂźt sur ce point d'emblĂ©e irrecevable ou manifestement infondĂ©. Le fait que la dĂ©cision querellĂ©e ne paraisse pas insoutenable n'est en revanche pas suffisant pour refuser l'effet suspensif . Le refus d'attribuer l'effet suspensif ne saurait s'appuyer sur des faits nouveaux, survenus postĂ©rieurement Ă la dĂ©cision entreprise: en effet, l'instance de recours statuant sur l'effet suspensif Ă bref dĂ©lai, l'enfant ne devrait pas ĂȘtre dĂ©placĂ© tant que celle-ci n'a pas statuĂ©, des changements successifs n'Ă©tant manifestement pas dans son intĂ©rĂȘt (c. 3.3.2).
Lorsque l'un des parents demande demande la modification d'un jugement de divorce en force, en ce sens que la garde des enfants lui soit transférée, le juge appelé à statuer à titre provisionnel doit appliquer les principes sus-exposés, en gardant cependant à l'esprit que seuls des faits nouveaux, importants et durables peuvent justifier une modification de la situation créée par le jugement de divorce. Le magistrat doit ainsi faire preuve d'une certaine retenue (c. 3.3.3). Tribunale federale 5A_780/2012 del 8.11.2012 in RSPC 2013 p. 145
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