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herausgegeben von Francesco Naef
Art. 374 Vorsorgliche Massnahmen, Sicherheit und Schadenersatz
1 Das staatliche Gericht oder, sofern die Parteien nichts anderes vereinbart haben, das Schiedsgericht kann auf Antrag einer Partei vorsorgliche Massnahmen einschliesslich solcher für die Sicherung von Beweismitteln anordnen.
2 Unterzieht sich die betroffene Person einer vom Schiedsgericht angeordneten Massnahme nicht freiwillig, so trifft das staatliche Gericht auf Antrag des Schiedsgerichts oder einer Partei die erforderlichen Anordnungen; stellt eine Partei den Antrag, so muss die Zustimmung des Schiedsgerichts eingeholt werden.
3 Ist ein Schaden für die andere Partei zu befürchten, so kann das Schiedsgericht oder das staatliche Gericht die Anordnung vorsorglicher Massnahmen von der Leistung einer Sicherheit abhängig machen.
4 Die gesuchstellende Partei haftet für den aus einer ungerechtfertigten vorsorglichen Massnahme erwachsenen Schaden. Beweist sie jedoch, dass sie ihr Gesuch in guten Treuen gestellt hat, so kann das Gericht die Ersatzpflicht herabsetzen oder gänzlich von ihr entbinden. Die geschädigte Partei kann den Anspruch im hängigen Schiedsverfahren geltend machen.
5 Eine geleistete Sicherheit ist freizugeben, wenn feststeht, dass keine Schadenersatzklage erhoben wird; bei Ungewissheit setzt das Schiedsgericht eine Frist zur Klage.
Vorsorgliche Massnahmen: staatliches Gericht oder Schiedsgericht ?
Art. 374 ZPO gibt der klagenden Partei ein Wahlrecht zwischen staatlichem Gericht und Schiedsgericht, ohne Ausschlussmöglichkeit betreffend Ersterem. Eine besondere Dringlichkeit - was immer das heissen mag - ist nicht gefordert (E. 5). Handelsgericht (ZH) HE110665 del 5.1.2012 in ZR 2012 p. 172
Vorsorgliche Massnahmen: staatliches Gericht oder Schiedsgericht ? - Art. 63 ZPO und Rechtsmissbrauchsverbot
Gestützt auf den Wortlaut von Art. 374 ZPO liegt die Kompetenz zur Anordnung
vorsorglicher Massnahmen grundsätzlich sowohl bei den staatlichen Gerichten als auch bei den Schiedsgerichten. Es geht jedoch aus dem Wortlaut nicht klar hervor, ob ein Ausschluss der staatlichen Gerichte zugunsten eines ständigen Schiedsgerichtes für vorsorgliche Massnahmen zulässig ist. Da die Parteien Herr des Verfahrens sind, ist die Frage
grundsätzlich zu bejahen (E. 2e).
Hat die Klägerin im Wissen um das Vorliegen einer Schiedsvereinbarung direkt die staatlichen Gerichte angerufen, unter bewusster Umgehung der TAS-Gerichtsbarkeit, setzt sie sich dem Vorwurf aus, wider besseres Wissen gehandelt zu haben, was keinen Rechtsschutz verdient. Das Verbot des
Rechtsmissbrauchs setzt Art. 63 ZPO Schranken (E. 5) Obergericht 1. Zivilkammer (BE) ZK 12 111 del 19.4.2012 in CaS 2012 p. 171
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