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a cura di Francesco Naef
Art. 374 Provvedimenti cautelari, garanzie e risarcimento dei danni
1 Il tribunale statale o, salvo diversa pattuizione delle parti, il tribunale arbitrale può, ad istanza di parte, ordinare provvedimenti cautelari, compresi quelli per assicurare i mezzi di prova.
2 Se la persona contro cui è ordinato il provvedimento del tribunale arbitrale non vi si sottopone spontaneamente, il tribunale statale, su richiesta del tribunale arbitrale o ad istanza di parte, prende le necessarie disposizioni; l’istanza di parte richiede il consenso del tribunale arbitrale.
3 Se vi è da temere un danno per l’altra parte, il tribunale arbitrale o statale può subordinare i provvedimenti cautelari alla prestazione di garanzie.
4 La parte instante risponde del danno causato da un provvedimento cautelare ingiustificato. Tuttavia, se essa prova di aver presentato l’istanza in buona fede, il tribunale arbitrale o statale può ridurre o escludere il risarcimento. La parte lesa può far valere la sua pretesa nel procedimento arbitrale pendente.
5 La garanzia è liberata se è certo che non è promossa alcuna azione di risarcimento del danno; se vi è incertezza in proposito, il tribunale arbitrale assegna un termine per proporre l’azione.
Provvedimenti cautelari: tribunale statale o arbitrale?
Art. 374 ZPO gibt der klagenden Partei ein Wahlrecht zwischen staatlichem Gericht und Schiedsgericht, ohne Ausschlussmöglichkeit betreffend Ersterem. Eine besondere Dringlichkeit - was immer das heissen mag - ist nicht gefordert (E. 5). Handelsgericht (ZH) HE110665 del 5.1.2012 in ZR 2012 p. 172
Provvedimenti cautelari: tribunale statale o arbitrale? - Art. 63 CPC ed abuso di diritto
Gestützt auf den Wortlaut von Art. 374 ZPO liegt die Kompetenz zur Anordnung
vorsorglicher Massnahmen grundsätzlich sowohl bei den staatlichen Gerichten als auch bei den Schiedsgerichten. Es geht jedoch aus dem Wortlaut nicht klar hervor, ob ein Ausschluss der staatlichen Gerichte zugunsten eines ständigen Schiedsgerichtes für vorsorgliche Massnahmen zulässig ist. Da die Parteien Herr des Verfahrens sind, ist die Frage
grundsätzlich zu bejahen (E. 2e).
Hat die Klägerin im Wissen um das Vorliegen einer Schiedsvereinbarung direkt die staatlichen Gerichte angerufen, unter bewusster Umgehung der TAS-Gerichtsbarkeit, setzt sie sich dem Vorwurf aus, wider besseres Wissen gehandelt zu haben, was keinen Rechtsschutz verdient. Das Verbot des
Rechtsmissbrauchs setzt Art. 63 ZPO Schranken (E. 5) Obergericht 1. Zivilkammer (BE) ZK 12 111 del 19.4.2012 in CaS 2012 p. 171
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