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a cura di Francesco Naef
Art. 263 Provvedimenti cautelari prima della pendenza della causa
Se la causa di merito non è ancora pendente, il giudice assegna all’instante un termine per promuoverla, con la comminatoria che il provvedimento cautelare decadrà in caso di inosservanza del termine.
Decisione notificata col solo dispositivo - provvedimenti cautelari - esecutività ? - sospensione provvisionale dell'esecutivitÃ
Wird der Entscheid ohne schriftliche Begründung eröffnet, kann die unterliegende Partei nicht sogleich ein Rechtsmittel einlegen, sondern hat zunächst die schriftliche Begründung zu verlangen. Die Berufung gegen Entscheide über vorsorgliche Massnahmen hat grundsätzlich keine aufschiebende Wirkung. Der entsprechende Entscheid wird mithin sogleich vollstreckbar.
Einer Partei kann aber abhängig von der Dauer, welche die Vorinstanz für die Ausarbeitung der Begründung benötigt, genügend Zeit zur Verfügung stehen, um einen Entscheid vollstrecken zu lassen, noch bevor die Gegenpartei das Rechtsmittelverfahren anhängig machen und die aufschiebende Wirkung resp. den Aufschub der Vollstreckbarkeit beantragen kann. Die Lehre hält überzeugend dafür, dass sich eine sinngemässe Anwendung
von Art. 263 ZPO als Lösung anbietet: Demnach muss es der unterliegenden Partei möglich
sein, für die Zeit, bis die schriftliche Begründung vorliegt, den Aufschub der Vollstreckbarkeit
bis zum Einreichen des Rechtsmittels vorsorglich bei der Rechtsmittelinstanz zu beantragen.
Die gesuchstellende Partei hat einen drohenden nicht leicht wieder gutzumachenden
Nachteil sowie Dringlichkeit glaubhaft zu machen. Dieser Nachteil ist sodann gegen die
Nachteile eines Aufschubes für den Gesuchsgegner abzuwägen (E. 1). Kantonsgericht (BL) 430 12 374 del 18.12.2012
Nozione di crescita in giudicato
Die Berufung ist auch beim Gegendarstellungsrecht und den vorsorglichen Massnahmen ein ordentliches Rechtsmittel, welches die formelle Rechtskraft aufschiebt; der Ausdruck "keine aufschiebende Wirkung" in Art. 315 Abs. 4 ZPO bezieht sich einzig auf die sofortige Vollstreckbarkeit.
Bei vorsorglichen Massnahmen tritt die Rechtskraft erst mit dem Rechtsmittelentscheid bzw. mit dem unbenutzten Ablauf der Rechtsmittelfrist ein. (E. 3). Tribunale federale 5A_217/2013 del 10.12.2013 in DTF 139 III 486
Nozione di crescita in giudicato
Vollstreckbarkeit und Rechtskraft fallen demnach bei
Entscheiden über vorsorgliche Massnahmen auseinander (E. 3).
Wenn das Einzelgericht die Frist (um den ordentlichen Zivilprozess direkt beim
zuständigen Gericht anzuheben) "ab Eintritt der
Rechtskraft" seines Entscheides ansetzte, läuft sie bis zur Erledigung des
Rechtsmittels nicht, auch wenn dieses keine aufschiebende Wirkung hat (E. 4). Obergericht II. Zivilkammer (ZH) LF120036 del 20.6.2012
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