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a cura di Francesco Naef
Art. 98 Anticipazione delle spese
Il giudice può esigere che l’attore anticipi un importo a copertura parziale o totale delle spese processuali presumibili.
Anticipazione delle spese - potere cognitivo dell'autorità di reclamo
Le decisioni in materia di anticipazione delle spese sono impugnabili mediante reclamo (art. 103 CPC), da proporre, trattandosi di disposizioni di natura ordinatoria (art. 124 CPC), nel termine di 10 giorni all’autorità giudiziaria superiore (art. 321 cpv. 2 CPC).
La tariffa per le spese giudiziarie è fissta dal Cantone (art. 96 CPC) e nella sua applicazione l’autorità giudicante dispone di un ampio potere di apprezzamento, l’istanza superiore chiamata a verificarne la legittimità potendo intervenire solo in caso di eccesso o di abuso di siffatto potere. III Camera civile del Tribunale d'appello (TI) 13.2011.3 del 14.2.2011
Entità dell'anticipo spese - Rischio d'incasso delle spese giudiziarie
Obwohl die Kostenvorschusspflicht als Kann-Vorschrift konzipiert ist, so dass das Gericht gemäss Wortlaut im Einzelfall ganz oder teilweise auf die Erhebung des Vorschusses verzichten kann, stellt die Verfügung des vollen Kostenvorschusses die Regel und die Verfügung eines geringeren oder gar keines Vorschusses die Ausnahme dar. Aus Billigkeitsgründen auf den Vorschuss soll namentlich dann verzichtet werden, wenn der Kläger nur wenig über dem Existenzminimum lebt, so dass die Voraussetzungen der unentgeltlichen Rechtspflege knapp nicht erfüllt sind (E. III.1.1).
Es ist vom Gesetzgeber gewollt, dass der Kläger im Zivilprozess grundsätzlich das Inkassorisiko für die Gerichtskosten trägt (E. III.1.3). Kantonsgericht (SG) BE.2011.9 del 20.4.2011 in GVP-SG 2011 Nr. 63
Opposizione di non ritorno a miglior fortuna - Attore
Im summarischen Verfahren nach Rechtsvorschlag mangels neuen Vermögens ist der Schuldner die klagende Partei, von der das Gericht einen Kostenvorschuss verlangen kann (E. 2). Tribunale federale 5A_295/2013 del 17.10.2013 in DTF 139 III 498
Reclamo contro l'anticipazione di spese - effetto sospensivo
Die aufschiebende Wirkung muss eine Ausnahme bleiben. Die Höhe des
Kostenvorschusses legt weder die Höhe der dereinst festzusetzenden Kosten
noch deren Auferlegung definitiv fest. Übersteigt der Vorschuss die Möglichkeiten
des Klägers, steht ihm das Instrument der unentgeltlichen Prozessführung zur
Verfügung (E. 5). Obergericht II. Zivilkammer (ZH) PS110182 del 1.11.2011
Riduzione dell'anticipo spese ?
Sous réserve des dispenses de frais que les cantons peuvent prévoir soit dans le cadre de leur tarif, soit sur la base de l'art. 116 al. 1 CPC, les dispositions sur l'assistance judiciaire règlent exhaustivement l'exonération totale ou partielle de l'avance des frais par suite d'une situation économique défavorable de la partie assujettie. En dépit d'une opinion exprimée par le Conseil fédéral dans son Message relatif au code de procédure civile suisse (FF 2006 p. 6905/6906), fondée sur des considérations d'équité, partagée par certains auteurs, l'art. 98 CPC n'autorise pas la partie demanderesse à exiger une réduction de l'avance alors que les conditions dont dépendent l'assistance judiciaire, relatives aux ressources insuffisantes de cette partie (art. 118 let. a CPC) et aux chances de succès de la demande (art. 118 let. b CPC), ne sont pas satisfaites (E. 7). Tribunale federale 4A_186/2012 del 19.6.2012 in RSPS 2012 p. 407
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