Art.2 [0]
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Art.4 [4]
Art.5 [0]
Art.6 [11]
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Art.10 [0]
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Art.50 [6]
Art.51 [4]
Art.52 [14]
Art.53 [21]
Art.54 [0]
Art.55 [9]
Art.56 [8]
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Art.59 [36]
Art.60 [2]
Art.61 [0]
Art.62 [0]
Art.63 [12]
Art.64 [3]
Art.65 [0]
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Art.67 [1]
Art.68 [9]
Art.69 [1]
Art.70 [3]
Art.71 [5]
Art.72 [0]
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Art.119 [10]
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Art.125 [4]
Art.126 [11]
Art.127 [0]
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Art.135 [0]
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Art.137 [1]
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Art.140 [0]
Art.141 [3]
Art.142 [0]
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Art.144 [3]
Art.145 [9]
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Art.148 [9]
Art.149 [7]
Art.150 [4]
Art.151 [5]
Art.152 [3]
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Art.154 [11]
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Art.156 [0]
Art.157 [3]
Art.158 [22]
Art.159 [1]
Art.160 [1]
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Art.167 [0]
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Art.172 [0]
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Art.182 [0]
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Art.190 [1]
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Art.192 [1]
Art.193 [0]
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Art.198 [9]
Art.199 [0]
Art.200 [0]
Art.201 [0]
Art.202 [15]
Art.203 [1]
Art.204 [3]
Art.205 [1]
Art.206 [7]
Art.207 [0]
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Art.209 [6]
Art.210 [1]
Art.211 [1]
Art.212 [9]
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Art.214 [0]
Art.215 [0]
Art.216 [0]
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Art.218 [0]
Art.219 [5]
Art.220 [0]
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Art.222 [2]
Art.223 [5]
Art.224 [2]
Art.225 [1]
Art.226 [0]
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Art.232 [0]
Art.233 [0]
Art.234 [3]
Art.235 [0]
Art.236 [6]
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Art.239 [9]
Art.240 [0]
Art.241 [6]
Art.242 [2]
Art.243 [11]
Art.244 [2]
Art.245 [1]
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Art.247 [5]
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Art.250 [4]
Art.251 [9]
Art.252 [3]
Art.253 [12]
Art.254 [3]
Art.255 [0]
Art.256 [11]
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Art.258 [1]
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Art.262 [8]
Art.263 [3]
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Art.317 [22]
Art.318 [2]
Art.319 [68]
Art.320 [14]
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Art.404 [6]
Art.405 [17]
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Art.407 [1]
Art.407a [0]
Art.408 [0]
a cura di Francesco Naef
Art. 159 Organi di persone giuridiche
Se una persona giuridica è parte, nella procedura probatoria i suoi organi sono trattati come una parte.
Organo di fatto - capacità di testimoniare - Prove illecite - Forza probatoria
Wird ein faktisches Organ als Zeuge einvernommen, handelt es sich um ein formell rechtswidrig beschafftes Beweismittel. Die ZPO regelt den Umgang mit formell rechtswidrig beschafften Beweismitteln nicht. Art. 152 Abs. 2 ZPO gilt nur für materiell rechtswidrig beschaffte Beweismittel. Grundsätzlich ist ein formell rechtswidrig beschafftes Beweismittel nicht verwertbar.
Der Mangel kann aber verbessert und damit geheilt oder es kann die ganze Beweisabnahme wiederholt werden. Ist beides nicht möglich, darf das Gericht das Beweismittel dennoch verwerten; welchen Beweiswert es besitzt, ist eine Frage der Beweiswürdigung.
Allenfalls kann das mangelhafte Beweismittel auch als ein
anderes (der in Art. 168 ZPO vorgesehenen) Beweismittel verwendet werden, sofern es dessen formellen Voraussetzungen erfüllt. Die nicht verwertbare Zeugenaussage kann ohne Parteiantrag - auch im Bereich der Verhandlungsmaxime - als Beweisaussage (Art. 192 ZPO) verwendet werden.
In den
Materialien und einem Teil der Lehre wird die Auffassung vertreten, dass Aussagen zu
eigenen Gunsten bei der Parteibefragung meistens nur eine geringe Beweiskraft zukomme
und einer Bekräftigung durch zusätzliche Beweismittel bedürfen. Eine derartige
Einschränkung des Beweiswerts ergibt sich nicht aus dem Gesetz. Bei der Beweiswürdigung ist im Übrigen der Rolle der befragten Person Rechnung zu tragen, unabhängig davon, ob sie als Zeuge oder Partei aussagt. Obergericht 1. Abteilung (LU) 1B 11 6 del 16.6.2011 in LGVE 2011-I N. 31
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