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a cura di Francesco Naef
Art. 150 Oggetto della prova
1 Oggetto della prova sono i fatti controversi, se giuridicamente rilevanti.
2 Possono pure essere oggetto della prova l’uso e gli usi locali e, in caso di controversie patrimoniali, il diritto straniero.
Locazione - spese accessorie - Onere di contestazione - Principio inquisitorio sociale
Gemäss Art. 222 Abs. 2 ZPO hat die beklagte Partei in ihrer Klageantwort darzulegen, welche Tatsachenbehauptungen der klagenden Partei im Einzelnen anerkannt oder bestritten werden, wobei Art. 221 ZPO sinngemäss zur Anwendung kommt. Es ist detailliert, mithin substantiiert, geltend zu machen, was bestritten ist, weshalb pauschale Bestreitungen nicht genügen. Grundsätzlich nicht darzulegen hat die beklagte Partei, weshalb eine bestrittene Behauptung unrichtig sei. Es muss genügen, wenn die Bestreitung ihrem Zweck entsprechend konkretisiert wird, um den Behauptenden zu der ihm obliegenden Beweisführung zu veranlassen (E. 2.1).
Die abgeschwächte Untersuchungsmaxime soll den Parteien die Durchsetzung und Abwehr von umstrittenen Ansprüchen aus sozialpolitischen Erwägungen erleichtern
und ihnen die persönliche Prozessführung ohne Beizug von Anwälten ermöglichen. Das Gericht ist jedoch nur zur Nachforschung verpflichtet, wenn an der Vollständigkeit der Behauptungen oder Beweise ernsthafte Zweifel bestehen; ist eine Partei anwaltlich vertreten, so ist das Mass der gerichtlichen Mitwirkung auf krasse Fälle beschränkt. Das Gericht darf daher trotz Untersuchungsmaxime nicht darauf hinwirken, dass Einwendungen oder Einreden geltend gemacht werden (E. 2.4). Obergericht (BL) 410 11 345 del 14.2.2012
Obbligo di contestazione - Inosservanza - Causa matura per il giudizio
Une cause est en état d'être jugée si, sur la base des allégations non contestées de la demande, le tribunal dispose d'un état de fait suffisant pour statuer. Les faits allégués par le demandeur sont dispensés de preuve, puisque faute de réponse, le défendeur n'a pas exposé quels faits sont reconnus ou contestés et qu'en vertu de l'art. 150 la nouvelle procédure n'exige la preuve que des faits contestés (c. 2.1) Cour de Justice Chambre civile (GE) ACJC/139/2012 del 26.1.2012
Obbligo di contestazione dell'appellante
En vertu de la présomption de l'art. 150 al. 1 CPC, il est admissible dans le cadre de la maxime des débats d'admettre comme non contestés les faits retenus dans la décision attaquée s'ils ne sont pas critiqués par l'appelant (c. 2) Cour de Justice Chambre civile (GE) ACJC/264/2012 del 26.1.2012
Obbligo di contestazione dell'appellante - replica spontanea
Die neuen Einwendungen des Beschwerdeführers suchten die Beschwerdegegner in der Berufungsantwort durch diesbezügliche Ausführungen zu widerlegen, wobei dazu notgedrungen auch neue Behauptungen vorzubringen waren. Der Beschwerdeführer hatte daher allen Anlass, von der Möglichkeit zur Replik Gebrauch zu machen. Indem er dies unterliess, nahm die Vorinstanz zu Recht Verzicht auf eine Stellungnahme an. Blieben die Vorbringen der Beschwerdegegner in deren Berufungsantwort unbestritten, durfte die Vorinstanz ohne weitere Beweiserhebungen darauf abstellen und die neuen Einwendungen in der Berufung des Beschwerdeführers als widerlegt betrachten (E. 3.3). Tribunale federale 4A_747/2012 del 5.4.2013 in RSPC 2013 p. 317
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