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Repertorium der Rechtsprechung zur schweizerischen ZPO
herausgegeben von Francesco Naef

Art. 98 Kostenvorschuss

Das Gericht kann von der klagenden Partei einen Vorschuss bis zur Höhe der mutmasslichen Gerichtskosten verlangen.

Bemessung des Kostenvorschusses - Inkassorisiko für die Gerichtskosten
Obwohl die Kostenvorschusspflicht als Kann-Vorschrift konzipiert ist, so dass das Gericht gemäss Wortlaut im Einzelfall ganz oder teilweise auf die Erhebung des Vorschusses verzichten kann, stellt die Verfügung des vollen Kostenvorschusses die Regel und die Verfügung eines geringeren oder gar keines Vorschusses die Ausnahme dar. Aus Billigkeitsgründen auf den Vorschuss soll namentlich dann verzichtet werden, wenn der Kläger nur wenig über dem Existenzminimum lebt, so dass die Voraussetzungen der unentgeltlichen Rechtspflege knapp nicht erfüllt sind (E. III.1.1). Es ist vom Gesetzgeber gewollt, dass der Kläger im Zivilprozess grundsätzlich das Inkassorisiko für die Gerichtskosten trägt (E. III.1.3). Kantonsgericht (SG) BE.2011.9 del 20.4.2011 in GVP-SG 2011 Nr. 63

Beschwerde gegen die Auferlegung eines Kostenvorschusses - Aufschiebende Wirkung
Die aufschiebende Wirkung muss eine Ausnahme bleiben. Die Höhe des Kostenvorschusses legt weder die Höhe der dereinst festzusetzenden Kosten noch deren Auferlegung definitiv fest. Übersteigt der Vorschuss die Möglichkeiten des Klägers, steht ihm das Instrument der unentgeltlichen Prozessführung zur Verfügung (E. 5). Obergericht II. Zivilkammer (ZH) PS110182 del 1.11.2011

Herabsetzung des Kostenvorschusses ?
Sous réserve des dispenses de frais que les cantons peuvent prévoir soit dans le cadre de leur tarif, soit sur la base de l'art. 116 al. 1 CPC, les dispositions sur l'assistance judiciaire règlent exhaustivement l'exonération totale ou partielle de l'avance des frais par suite d'une situation économique défavorable de la partie assujettie. En dépit d'une opinion exprimée par le Conseil fédéral dans son Message relatif au code de procédure civile suisse (FF 2006 p. 6905/6906), fondée sur des considérations d'équité, partagée par certains auteurs, l'art. 98 CPC n'autorise pas la partie demanderesse à exiger une réduction de l'avance alors que les conditions dont dépendent l'assistance judiciaire, relatives aux ressources insuffisantes de cette partie (art. 118 let. a CPC) et aux chances de succès de la demande (art. 118 let. b CPC), ne sont pas satisfaites (E. 7). Tribunale federale 4A_186/2012 del 19.6.2012 in RSPS 2012 p. 407

Kostenvorschuss - Kognition der Beschwerdeinstanz
Le decisioni in materia di anticipazione delle spese sono impugnabili mediante reclamo (art. 103 CPC), da proporre, trattandosi di disposizioni di natura ordinatoria (art. 124 CPC), nel termine di 10 giorni allautorità giudiziaria superiore (art. 321 cpv. 2 CPC). La tariffa per le spese giudiziarie è fissta dal Cantone (art. 96 CPC) e nella sua applicazione lautorità giudicante dispone di un ampio potere di apprezzamento, listanza superiore chiamata a verificarne la legittimità potendo intervenire solo in caso di eccesso o di abuso di siffatto potere. III Camera civile del Tribunale d'appello (TI) 13.2011.3 del 14.2.2011

Rechtsvorschlag wegen fehlenden neuen Vermögens - Kläger
Im summarischen Verfahren nach Rechtsvorschlag mangels neuen Vermögens ist der Schuldner die klagende Partei, von der das Gericht einen Kostenvorschuss verlangen kann (E. 2). Tribunale federale 5A_295/2013 del 17.10.2013 in DTF 139 III 498

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