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Répertoire de jurisprudence sur le CPC suisse
établi par Francesco Naef

Art. 67 Capacité d’ester en justice

¹ L’exercice des droits civils confère la capacité d’ester en justice.

² La personne qui n’a pas l’exercice des droits civils agit par l’intermédiaire de son représentant légal.

³ La personne qui n’a pas l’exercice des droits civils peut, pour autant qu’elle soit capable de discernement:

a. exercer ses droits strictement personnels de manière indépendante;

b. accomplir provisoirement les actes nécessaires s’il y a péril en la demeure.

Capacité de discernement - quérulence
Der prozessrechtliche Begriff der Handlungsfähigkeit ist grundsätzlich der Gleiche wie jener im Zivilrecht. Der Begriff der Urteilsfähigkeit ist damit relativer Natur, das heisst deren Vorhandensein bzw. Nichtvorhandensein hängt vom konkret zu beurteilenden Sachverhalt ab. Einer Person kann also die Urteilsfähigkeit nicht generell abgesprochen worden (E. 2.1). Auch unter Willkürgesichtspunkten (E. 1.2) bietet Art. 67 ZPO keine Handhabe dafür, dass sich das Gericht über die Anträge der Parteien hinwegsetzt und in verbindlicher Weise dazu äussert, dass dem Kläger auch in weiteren hängigen und gar künftigen Verfahren die Urteils- und damit die Prozessfähigkeit abgesprochen wird. Der Entscheid, ob einer Person die Handlungsfähigkeit in diesem umfassenden Sinn entzogen wird, muss der Erwachsenschutzbehörde vorbehalten bleiben (Art. 398 Abs. 3 ZGB) (E. 2.2). Die Prozessfähigkeit (im hängigen Verfahren) ist, soweit der Vorwurf der psychopathischen Querulanz im Raum steht, grundsätzlich durch ein medizinisches Gutachten zu klären. Ausnahmsweise, das heisst wenn die Sache feststeht, kann das Gericht aber auch ohne ein solches Gutachten entscheiden (E.3.3.2). Tribunale federale 5A_88/2013 del 21.5.2013 in SZZP 2013 p. 377

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